Author: Dr. Alena F. DOUHAN
Abstract
Today, the world is facing an increased use of unilateral sanctions, their means of implementation, and their excessive application against a wide range of states, companies, and individuals. Traditionally, discussions focus on the purpose of these unilateral measures, their status, or, at most, on the issues of extraterritoriality and humanitarian impact of these measures. At the same time, the effects of unilateral sanctions regimes are much broader, and widely impact various areas of international law and cooperation between states, including the maintenance of international peace and security. This presentation does not advocate the classification of unilateral sanctions as “economic warfare,” but at the same time identifies several areas that negatively impact the maintenance of international peace and security. To this end, the presentation provides an overview of the types of unilateral sanctions, the means of their implementation, and their excessive application. It also addresses the following areas of impact of unilateral sanctions: impact on international cooperation, the rule of law, solidarity between States; impact on cooperation between States in the fight against international terrorism and other types of cross-border crime; creation of conditions and circumstances conducive to new threats and challenges in the field of maintaining international peace and security (refugee flows, regional destabilization, capacity of States to prevent and investigate different types of crimes); impact on the delivery of humanitarian aid, even within the framework of UN Security Council resolutions.
Keywords: UN, United Nations Charter, International Law, Security Council, General Assembly, Resolution, Unilateral Sanctions, Coercive Measures, Over-Compliance, Peace, Security, Human Rights, International Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes, Economy, Sovereign Equality of States
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