The geo-energy of peace: collective security, energy transition and fundamental rights amid a fragmented world order

Author: Mohammed MERROUNI

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Abstract

The article analyzes the increasing overlap between energy security and the protection of human rights within the context of a fragmenting international order. In 2026, fossil fuel dependency is no longer just a climate risk but a catalyst for global peace destabilization, as exemplified by the current Middle East crisis. Simultaneously, the “green transition” creates new dilemmas: the rush for critical minerals exacerbates fundamental rights violations in mining zones. The author advocates for a rights-based approach to energy transition, where energy sovereignty is not achieved at the expense of social justice and the rule of law.

Keywords: Geo-energy, International Security, Human Rights, Energy Transition, Critical Minerals, Sovereignty, Middle East, Multilateralism