The crimes of the Daesh terrorist organization against the Shiite Turkmens

Saad Hussen SOLTAN

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Executive Summary: Daesh, who emerged from the jihadist groups after the American invasion of Iraq in 2003, emerged under Abu Musab al-Zarqaoui, adopting an extremist ideology targeting the Shiites. After the latter’s death, the organization restructured under Abu Omar al-Baghdadi before exploiting the chaos in Iraq and Syria to spread under Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Taking advantage of the religious tensions and the withdrawal of American troops, Daesh seized many cities, including Mosul in 2014, where he orchestrated massacres and forced displacements against Shiite Turkmens. Executions, abductions and cultural destruction have accompanied this expansion. The psychological and social impact is profound, with a lack of official recognition and effective justice. The report concludes that these acts are genocide and crimes against humanity, supported by material evidence. It recommended international investigations, support for survivors and official recognition of crimes, emphasized the preservation of evidence and rehabilitation of victims and called for strengthening protection mechanisms to prevent such atrocities in the future.

Keywords: Daesh, Iraq, Al-Baghdadi, Mosul, Turkmens, Shiites, Genocide, Crimes against
Humanity, International Investigation.